Prevalencia y caracterización de las disfunciones sexuales en mujeres en transición a la menopausia / Prevalence and characterization of sexual dysfunctions in women in transition to menopause

Objetivo: Caracterizar las disfunciones sexuales y estimar la prevalencia en un grupo de mujeres en transición a la menopausia, así como evaluar la frecuencia de la sintomatología climatérica. Método: Estudio de corte transversal, entre 2017 y 2020, que incluyó 411 mujeres en transición a la menopausia, residentes en el Quindío, con pareja estable y actividad sexual en las últimas 6 semanas. Se utilizó como instrumento el FSFI-6 (6-Item Female Sexual Function Index). Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 46,53 ± 2,87 años. La prevalencia de disfunciones sexuales fue del 38,92%, caracterizadas por dificultades con el deseo sexual (38,92%), seguido de dolor/dispareunia (35,52%). El promedio general en la puntuación del FSFI-6, en la totalidad de la población participante, fue de 22,29 ± 0,84 puntos; en la población afectada (< 19 puntos) fue de 15,78 ± 3,94. En los dominios, la puntuación más baja estuvo en el deseo (3,14 ± 0,56). La mediana de disfunciones sexuales por mujer fue de tres (23,84%). Conclusiones: más de un tercio de las mujeres del Quindío en transición a la menopausia presentan disfunciones sexuales; el trastorno más común fue el bajo deseo. Se deben hacer esfuerzos para aumentar la conciencia en los asuntos de salud sexual.

Objective: To characterize sexual dysfunctions and estimate the prevalence in a group of women in transition to menopause, as well as to evaluate the frequency of climacteric symptoms. Method: Cross-sectional study, between 2017 and 2020, included 411 women in transition to menopause, residents of Quindío, with a stable partner and sexual activity in the last 6 weeks. The FSFI-6 (6-Item Female Sexual Function Index) was used as an instrument. Results: The mean age was 46.53 ± 2.87 years. The prevalence of sexual dysfunctions was 38.92%, characterized by difficulties with sexual desire (38.92%), followed by pain/dyspareunia (35.52%). The general average, in the FSFI-6 score, in the entire participating population, was 22.29 ± 0.84 points; while in the affected population (< 19 points), it was 15.78 ± 3.94. In the domains, the lowest score was in desire (3.14 ± 0.56). The median number of sexual dysfunctions per woman was three (present in 23.84%). Conclusions: This study showed that more than one third of the women in Quindío, in transition to menopause, had sexual dysfunctions; the most common type of disorder was low desire. Efforts should be made to increase awareness about sexual health issues.

Adherencias del capuchón del clítoris al glande: una condición poco estudiada y poco examinada / Clitoral hood adhesions to the glans penis: an understudied and under-examined condition

INTRODUCCIÓN: El clítoris es una de las estructuras vulvares menos examinadas, pese a su relevancia en la vida sexual y sus importantes relaciones anatómicas. Las adherencias del capuchón del clítoris han sido descritas y clasificadas según la exposición del glande, siendo relacionadas con trastornos del deseo sexual. La inervación del clítoris depende de raíces de S3-S4, siendo posible que síntomas frecuentes del piso pélvico tengan relación con esta condición. Realizamos un análisis retrospectivo de pacientes de policlínico de piso pélvico entre noviembre de 2021 y abril de 2022. Se incluyeron 100 pacientes con adherencias al ingreso. RESULTADOS: Promedio de edad 45,8 ± 15,5 años. Las adherencias fueron el 19% leves, el 62% moderadas y el 18% graves. Los principales síntomas eran mal vaciado vesical (38%), dolor (28%), disfunción sexual (39%) y síntomas irritativos vesicales (43%); solo una paciente fue asintomática. El área visible promedio del clítoris era de 20,7 ± 13,7 mm2. CONCLUSIONES: Las adherencias del capuchón del clítoris son un hallazgo común, muchas veces no diagnosticadas, por lo que su evaluación debe ser parte de la exploración física. Pueden asociarse a sintomatología de piso pélvico.

INTRODUCTION: The clitoris is one of the least examined vulvar structures despite its relevance in sexual life and important anatomical relationships. Clitoral hood adhesions have been described in the literature, classified based on glans exposure, and related to sexual desire disorders. The innervation of the clitoris depends on the roots of S3-S4, and frequent pelvic floor symptoms may be associated with this condition. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical record of patients admitted to a pelvic floor clinic between November 2021 and April 2022. One hundred patients with adhesions at the time of admission were registered. RESULTS: Average 45.8 ± 15.5 years. Clitoral hood adhesions were mild (19%), moderated (62%), or severe (18%). The main symptoms were voiding dysfunction symptoms (38%), pain (28%), sexual dysfunction (39%), and irritative bladder symptoms (43%); only one patient was asymptomatic. The visible area of the clitoris was 20.7 ± 13.7 mm2. CONCLUSIONS: Adhesions of the clitoral hood are often undiagnosed, and its analysis should be part of the physical exam. Clitoral hood adhesions could be associated with pelvic floor symptoms.

Sexual Function and Associated Factors in Postmenopausal Women / Função sexual e fatores associados em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Abstract Objective To assess the sexual function and associated factors in postmenopausal women. Methods This a descriptive, cross-sectional study with 380 women aged 40 to 65 years, users of public health services in 2019. Questionnaires were applied on demographic characteristics, on climacteric symptoms (menopause rating scale) and on sexual function (sexual quotient, female version). Bivariate andmultiple analyses by logistic regression were performed, with adjusted odds ratios (ORad) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Results More than half (243/64%) of the participating women were at risk of sexual dysfunction, with lower scores in the domains of sexual desire and interest, comfort, orgasm, and satisfaction. Women with a partner (ORad 2.07; 95%CI 1.03-4.17) and those who reported sleep problems (ORad 2.72; 95%CI 1.77-4.19), depressed mood (ORad 2.03; 95%CI 1.32-3.10), sexual complaints (ORad 8.16; 95%CI 5.06-13.15), and vaginal dryness (ORad 3.44; 95%CI 2.22-5.32) showed greater chance of sexual dysfunction. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction, with the influence of conjugality and climacteric symptoms on sexual function.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a função sexual e fatores associados em mulheres na pósmenopausa. Métodos Este é umestudo descritivo, transversal, com380 mulheres de 40 a 65 anos, usuárias de serviços de saúde públicos em 2019. Foram aplicados questionários sobre características demográficas, sobre sintomas climatéricos (menopause rating scale) e sobre a função sexual (Quociente Sexual, versão feminina). Análises bivariada e múltipla por regressão logística foram realizadas, com cálculo de odds ratio ajustado (ORaj) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (ICs95%). Resultados Mais da metade (243/64%) das mulheres participantes no estudo apresentou risco de disfunção sexual, com escores mais baixos dos domínios desejo e interesse sexual, conforto, orgasmo e satisfação. Mulheres com companheiro (ORaj 2,07; IC95% 1,03-4,17) e aquelas que relataram problemas de sono (ORaj 2,72; IC95% 1,77-4,19), ânimo depressivo (ORaj 2,03; IC95% 1,32-3,10), queixas sexuais (ORaj 8,16; IC95% 5,06-13,15) e ressecamento vaginal (ORaj 3,44; IC95% 2,22-5,32) apresentaram maior chance de disfunção sexual. Conclusão Houve prevalência elevada de disfunção sexual, com influência da conjugalidade e dos sintomas climatéricos sobre a função sexual.

Sexuality of Female Spina Bifida Patients: Predictors of a Satisfactory Sexual Function / Sexualidade feminina em pacientes com espinha bífida: preditores de uma função sexual satisfatória

Abstract Objective To assess the sexual function of women with spina bifida (SB), and to verify the factors that influence their sexual function. Methods A cross-sectional study in which a validated female-specific questionnaire was applied to 140 SB female patients from four different cities (Porto Alegre, Brazil; and Barcelona, Madrid, and Málaga, Spain) between 2019 and 2020. The questionnaires collected data on the clinical characteristics of SB, and female sexual function was assessed using the 6-item version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-6) validated to Portuguese and Spanish. Results Half of the patients had had sexual activity at least once in the life, but most (57.1%) did not use any contraception method. Sexual dysfunction was present in most (84.3%) patients, and all sexual function domains were impaired compared those of non-neurogenic women. The presence of urinary and fecal incontinence significantly affected the quality of their sexual activity based on the FSFI-6. Conclusion The specific clinical aspects of the SB patients, such as urinary and fecal incontinence, should be properly addressed by their doctors, since they are associated with reduced sexual activity and lower FSFI-6 scores in the overall or specific domains. There is also a need to improve gynecological care among sexually-active SB patients, since most do not use any contraceptive methods and are at risk of inadvertent pregnancy.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a função sexual de pacientes do sexo feminino com espinha bífida (EB), e avaliar quais fatores influenciam na função sexual. Métodos Uma pesquisa transversal em que um questionário validado para mulheres foi aplicado em 140 pacientes com EB de quatro cidades diferentes (Porto Alegre, Brasil; e Barcelona, Madri e Málaga, Espanha) entre 2019 e 2020. Os questionários coletaram dados sobre características clínicas da espinha bífida, e a função sexual feminina foi avaliada com a versão de seis itens do Índice de Funcionamento Sexual Feminino (IFSF-6) nas versões validadas para português e espanhol. Resultados Metade das pacientes havia praticado atividade sexual pelo menos uma vez na vida, mas a maioria (57.1%) não utilizava nenhum método contraceptivo. A disfunção sexual estava presente na maioria das pacientes (84.3%), sendo todos os domínios de função sexual prejudicados em comparação com os de mulheres não neurogênicas. A presença de incontinência urinária e fecal afetou significativamente a qualidade da atividade sexual das pacientes. Conclusão Aspectos clínicos específicos da EB, como incontinência urinária e fecal, devem ser adequadamente abordados pelos médicos assistentes, visto que estão associados à redução na atividade sexual e piores resultados no IFSF-6. Também é necessário melhorar o atendimento ginecológico das pacientes sexualmente ativas, uma vez que a maioria não utiliza métodos contraceptivos e corre o risco de gravidez inadvertida.

Research progress of sexual dysfunction following rectal cancer surgery / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Sexual dysfunction with the incidence of 5%-90% is a common postoperative complication of rectal cancer and the ratio of men and women is similar. Sexual function is innervated by the abdominal-pelvic autonomic nerve. Different sexual dysfunctions can be caused by different parts and degrees of injury in autonomic nerve during operations of rectal cancer. With the development of pelvic autonomic nerves preservation in rectal cancer radical resection, postoperative sexual function can be protected. There may be many factors increasing the incidence of postoperative sexual dysfunction in rectal cancer, such as postoperative psychological factors, stoma, abdominal-perineal resection and radiotherapy. The effects of laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, transanal total mesorectal excision and lateral lymph node dissection on postoperative sexual function remain controversial. Based on the multidisciplinary cooperation model, attention should be paid to psychological intervention of patients and their partners. In clinical practice, for male using phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, vacuum erectile devices, injection of vasodilators through the penis or urethra, and for female local application of estrogen and lubricants in the vagina are effective treatment for postoperative sexual dysfunction of rectal cancer. In addition, stem cell therapy has a promising prospect for sexual dysfunction.

Evaluation of factors affecting sexual dysfunction in female patients with diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT Objective Our objective in this study was to evaluate the factors predicting female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Subjects and methods The study included 149 women with DM. Sexual function was evaluated with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire, in which total scores under 26.55 characterized the occurrence of FSD (Group 1 > 26.55, Group 2 < 26.55). We recorded the patients' demographic, metabolic, and hormonal data. Ophthalmologic, neurologic, and renal complications were also evaluated. The antioxidant status of the patients in both groups was determined by measuring the activity of the enzymes paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and arylesterase (ARE). Results Based on the FSFI scores, 60 patients were allocated to Group 1 (26.6 ± 12.3) and 89 to Group 2 (22.6 ± 9.5). Group 2 compared with Group 1 had significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, triglycerides, and insulin, along with higher rates of metformin use, smoking, retinopathy, and nephropathy. The mean serum ARE concentrations were significantly lower in Group 2 compared with Group 1 (p = 0.000), but the mean serum PON-1 concentrations were similar between both groups (p = 0.218). On multivariable regression analysis, age, ARE activity, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, and menopause were significant independent predictors of FSD (p < 0.05). Conclusions In this study, we evaluated the predictive factors determining FSD caused by DM. Despite the significant results found in our study, future randomized controlled studies with a long follow-up and a larger number of patients are required to determine how DM affects FSD.

Função sexual e incontinência urinária por esforço em mulheres submetidas à histerectomia total com ooforectomia bilateral / Función sexual e incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo en mujeres sometidas a histerectomía total con ooforectomía bilateral / Sexual function and stress urinary incontinence in women submitted to total hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o índice de função sexual de mulheres submetidas à histerectomia total com ooforectomia bilateral (HT-OB), a prevalência de incontinência urinária por esforço (IUE) e sua associação com a realização desse procedimento cirúrgico em um hospital de referência em Belém (PA). Foram incluídas 162 mulheres, com vida sexual ativa, alocadas em dois grupos: aquelas que realizaram HT-OB em período superior a 12 meses (n=68), e aquelas que não realizaram (n=94). Utilizou-se o questionário female sexual function index (FSFI) para avaliação da função sexual, e um questionário desenvolvido pelos pesquisadores para coletar dados sociais, econômicos e clínicos, incluindo informações quanto à presença de IUE. O valor de significância foi definido como p<0,05. Houve diferença significativa no índice de função sexual entre o grupo HT-OB e o grupo-controle, com escore geral do FSFI de 23,56 e 28,68, respectivamente (p=0,0001). Os domínios desejo, excitação, lubrificação (p<0,0001), orgasmo (p=0,04), satisfação (p=0,0006) e dor (p=0,015) apresentaram escores inferiores em mulheres histerectomizadas. A prevalência de sintomas de IUE no grupo HT-OB foi de 35,3%, sendo observada associação significativa entre a presença desses sintomas e a realização da histerectomia (p=0,02). Mulheres que realizam HT-OB têm maior risco de disfunção sexual, e este procedimento cirúrgico é associado ao desenvolvimento de IUE.

RESUMEN El presente artículo tuvo el objetivo de evaluar el índice de función sexual de mujeres sometidas a histerectomía total con ooforectomía bilateral (HT-OB), la prevalencia de incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE) y su asociación con la realización de este procedimiento quirúrgico en un hospital de referencia en Belém (Brasil). Se incluyeron a 162 mujeres con vida sexual activa, que fueron divididas en dos grupos: las que se sometieron a HT-OB durante el período superior a 12 meses (n=68) y las que no lo había hecho (n=94). Se les aplicaron el cuestionario female sexual function index (FSFI), para evaluar la función sexual, y un cuestionario desarrollado por investigadores para recopilar datos sociales, económicos y clínicos, con informaciones en cuanto a la presencia de IUE. El valor de significación fue de p<0,05. Hubo una diferencia significativa en el índice de función sexual entre el grupo HT-OB y el grupo control, con un puntaje general de FSFI de 23,56 y 28,68, respectivamente (p=0,0001). Los dominios deseo, excitación, lubricación (p<0,0001), orgasmo (p=0,04), satisfacción (p=0,0006) y dolor (p=0,015) tuvieron puntajes más bajos en mujeres histerectomizadas. La prevalencia de síntomas de IUE fue del 35,3% en el grupo HT-OB, además se observó una asociación significativa entre la presencia de estos síntomas y la realización de la histerectomía (p=0,02). Las mujeres que se someten a HT-OB tienen un mayor riesgo de disfunción sexual, y este procedimiento quirúrgico está asociado al desarrollo de IUE.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article was to evaluate the sexual function index of women submitted to total hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy (THBO), the prevalence of urinary incontinence (SUI) and its association with the performance of this surgical procedure in a reference hospital in Belém, Pará. One hundred sixty-two women with active sexual life were included in two groups: those who have undergone THBO for more than 12 months (n=68), and those who have not (n=94). The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire was used to evaluate sexual function along with a questionnaire developed by the researchers to collect social, economic and clinical data, including information on the presence of SUI. The significance level was defined as p<0.05. There was a significant difference in the sexual function index between THBO group and the control group, with an FSFI overall score of 23.56 and 28.68, respectively (p=0.0001). Desire, arousal, lubrication (p<0.0001), orgasm (p=0.04), satisfaction (p=0.0006) and pain (p=0.015) domains had lower scores in hysterectomized women. The prevalence of SUI symptoms in THBO group was 35.3%, and a significant association was observed between the presence of SUI and hysterectomy (p=0.02). Women who undergo THBO have a higher risk of sexual dysfunction, and this surgical procedure is associated with the development of SUI.

Evaluación de la sexualidad en las pacientes sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama y del grado de interés en resolver sus disfunciones sexuales en la consulta médica / Assessment of the sexual health of breast cancer survivors and their Interest in discussing their difficulties with their doctors during Follow-Up / Avaliação da saúde sexual nas pacientes sobreviventes ao câncer de mama e do grau de interesse em resolver as dificuldades na consulta médica

Introducción: Las disfunciones sexuales producidas por el cáncer de mama y sus diversas formas de tratamiento se encuentran presentes hasta en el 60 % de las pacientes. En la actualidad la sexualidad sigue siendo un tema eludido, a menudo los médicos omiten tratarlo aduciendo falta de tiempo, conocimiento y experiencia para abordarlo. Objetivos: Evaluar la sexualidad de las pacientes sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama, indagar sobre el grado de interés en recibir ayuda para resolver las disfunciones sexuales vinculas al diagnóstico y al tratamiento de la enfermedad y el nivel de satisfacción con la atención recibida. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama precoz asistidas en la Unidad de Mastología del Servicio de Oncología del Hospital de Clínicas. Se contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética del Hospital de Clínicas. El cuestionario seleccionado es el utilizado en la Clínica de Oncología Médica de la Universidad de Chicago. Se incluyeron 128 pacientes, la mayoría eran mayores de 50 años y tenían pareja, 98 pacientes (76,5 %) estuvieron sexualmente activas en los últimos 12 meses y 85 (86,7 %) tuvieron problemas sexuales. Resultados: La mayoría (67 pacientes, 68,3 %) respondió que la sexualidad era importante en su vida, 85 (86,6 %) se mostró interesada en recibir atención para tratar sus problemas sexuales y 72 (73,4 %) considera probable abordar los mismas con un médico. Sin embargo, tan sólo 29 (29,6 %) había solicitado ayuda médica para tratarlos, y la mayoría quedó insatisfecha con la atención recibida. El 80,6 % (79) estaría dispuesta a participar de un programa dirigido a confrontar los problemas sexuales. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados revelan la necesidad de atención de los problemas sexuales de las pacientes diagnosticadas y tratadas por cáncer de mama. Los futuros estudios deberán enfocarse en desarrollar y evaluar el éxito de las intervenciones específicas en el tratamiento de la disfunción sexual en estas pacientes y, lo que es más importante aún, diseñar estrategias para su prevención.

Introduction: Sexual dysfunction from breast cancer and its various therapies is present in up to 60 % of the breast cancer patients. Sexuality remains a neglected issue; doctors often ignore it, claiming they lack the time, knowledge or expertise required to address it. Objectives: To evaluate the sexuality of breast cancer survivors', inquire about the degree of interest in receiving help to resolve sexual dysfunctions related to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and the level of satisfaction with the care received. Materials and methods: The subjects enrolled had an early breast cancer and were treated at the Mastology Unit of the Cancer Department of the Hospital de Clínicas. The study was approved by the hospital's Ethics Committee. The selected questionnaire is the one used at the University of Chicago Medical Oncology Clinic. Most of the 128 patients included were over 50 years old and had a sexual partner, 98 patients (76.5 %) had been sexually active within the last 12 months and 85 (86.7 %) reported having sexual problems. Results: Most patients (67/128, 68.3 %) responded that sexuality was important in their lives; 85 (86.6 %) were interested in receiving support to treat their sexual difficulties, and 72 (73.4 %) saw the feasibility of addressing them with a doctor. However, only 29 (29.6%) had sought medical help for that purpose, and most were unhappy with the care received. Seventy-nine patients (80.6 %) would be willing to participate in a program aimed at confronting their sexual problems. Conclusions: Our results reveal the need to address the sexual problems of patients diagnosed with and treated for breast cancer as part of their medical care. Future studies should focus on developing and evaluating the success of specific interventions in the management of these patients' sexual dysfunction and ―even more importantly― designing strategies for its prevention.

Introdução: A disfunção sexual produzida pelo CM e suas diversas formas de tratamento está presente em até 60 % das pacientes. Atualmente, a sexualidade continua sendo uma questão evitada, e muitas vezes os médicos não abordam o assunto alegando falta de tempo, conhecimento e experiência para tratá-lo. Objetivos: Avaliar a saúde sexual das pacientes sobreviventes ao CM e o grau de interesse em receber ajuda médica para abordar e tratar seus problemas sexuais. Material e métodos: Foram incluídas pacientes diagnosticadas com CM precoce, atendidas na Unidade de Mastologia do Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital de Clínicas, com a aprovação do Comitê de Ética do Hospital de Clínicas. O questionário selecionado é o utilizado na Clínica de Oncologia Médica da Universidade de Chicago. Resultados: Foram incluídas 128 pacientes, a maioria tinha parceiro e idade acima de 50 anos, 98 pacientes (76,5 %) se mantiveram sexualmente ativas nos últimos 12 meses e 85 (86,7 %) tiveram problemas sexuais. A maioria (67 pacientes; 68,3 %) respondeu que a sexualidade era importante na sua vida, 85 (86,6 %) mostraram interesse em receber atendimento para tratar suas dificuldades sexuais, e 72 (73,4 %) consideraram provável falar sobre essas dificuldades com um médico. No entanto, apenas 29 (29,6 %) tinham procurado ajuda médica para tratá-las, e a maioria delas ficaram insatisfeitas com o atendimento recebido. 80,6 % (79) estariam dispostas a participar de um programa voltado a confrontar os problemas sexuais. Conclusões: Nossos resultados revelam a necessidade de atendimento médico na saúde sexual das pacientes diagnosticadas e tratadas por CM. Os futuros estudos deverão estar focados em desenvolver e avaliar o sucesso das intervenções específicas no tratamento da disfunção sexual nessas pacientes e, o que é ainda mais importante, em desenhar estratégias para sua prevenção.

Risk factors of postoperative sexual function in patients with urethral diverticulum and their partners: A cohort study of 83 women

ABSTRACT Introduction and Objective: Several studies have focused on the treatment and recurrence of urethral diverticulum (UD). However, few investigations have addressed sexual function in patients with UD. Therefore, we sought to examine sexual function in women affected by UD. Materials and Methods: There were 108 accepted cases involving transvaginal diverticulectomy at our institution. Ultimately, 83 women were included for further analysis, only 61 of these women had sexual partners. We collected data for the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) from the female patients and the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ) from their male partners before and after surgery. Results: Preoperatively, the UD size affected the female patient's arousal and lubrication (p=0.04), and the UD location affected their satisfaction. However, no significant between-group differences were found in the total FSFI score. For all women, sexual activity improved after surgery (p=0.0087). In addition to improvements in arousal for women with a large UD, improvements in lubrication were affected by the UD size, number and shape, increases in satisfaction scores were impacted by the UD location and shape, and pain relief was linked to the UD number and shape. Analysis of the MSHQ results revealed no between-group differences among the male partners. Conclusion: Only the UD size and location affected sexual function in women with a small UD. Surgery could improve female sexual function but did not affect the sexual function of the patient's partners.

Hypertension as a risk factor for female sexual dysfunction: cross-sectional study / Hipertensão como fator de risco para disfunção sexual feminina: estudo transversal / La hipertensión como un factor de riesgo para la disfunción sexual femenina: estudio transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the sexual dysfunction in hypertensive patients compared to normotensive patients. Method: this was a cross-sectional study. Samples were composed of 54 hypertensive patients and 54 normotensive patients. The female sexual dysfunction was evaluated by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Results: the average FSFI score differed highly between hypertensive and normotensive patients (22.4± 7.4 versus 26.8 ±5.4, p< 0.001). Among hypertensive patients, 63% showed sexual dysfunction in opposition to 39% of normotensive patients (p=0.02). Hypertensive women had 1.67 more chances of showing the dysfunction than women with normal blood pressure. Conclusion: the sexual dysfunction prevalence is higher in hypertensive than in normotensive women hence, hypertension is a potentiator factor for female sexual dysfunction.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a disfunção sexual em pacientes hipertensas em comparação com pacientes normotensas. Método: estudio transversal. Las muestras estaban compuestas por 54 pacientes hipertensos y 54 normotensos. La disfunción sexual femenina fue evaluada por el Índice de Función Sexual Femenina (FSFI). Resultados: a pontuação média do FSFI foi muito diferente entre pacientes hipertensas e normotensas (22,4 ± 7,4 versus 26,8 ± 5,4, p <0,001). Da amostra de pacientes hipertensas, 63% apresentaram disfunção sexual, ante 39% da amostra de pacientes normotensas (p=0,02). As mulheres hipertensas apresentaram 1,67 vezes mais chances de ter a disfunção do que mulheres com pressão arterial normal. Conclusão: a prevalência de disfunção sexual é maior em mulheres hipertensas do que em mulheres normotensas. Portanto, a hipertensão é um fator que potencializa a disfunção sexual feminina.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la disfunción sexual en pacientes hipertensos en comparación con pacientes normotensos. Método: estudio transversal. Las muestras estaban compuestas por 54 pacientes hipertensos y 54 normotensos. La disfunción sexual femenina fue evaluada por el Índice de Función Sexual Femenina (FSFI). Resultados: el puntaje FSFI promedio fue muy diferente entre pacientes hipertensos y normotensos (22.4±7.4 versus 26.8 ± 5.4, p<0.001). El 63% de los pacientes de la muestra de hipertensos demonstraron disfunción sexual, en oposición al 39% de la muestra de pacientes normotensos (p=0,02). Las mujeres hipertensas presentaron 1.67 más posibilidad de mostrar la disfunción que las mujeres con presión arterial normal. Conclusión: la prevalencia de disfunción sexual es mayor en mujeres hipertensas que en mujeres normotensas. Entonces, la hipertensión es un potenciador de la disfunción sexual femenina.

Sexual complications of penile frature in men who have sex with men

ABSTRACT Objectives: Evaluate the demographic data, etiology, operative findings and results of surgical treatment of penile fracture (PF) in men who have sex with men(MSM) with emphasis on sexual complications. Materials and Methods: We studied 216 patients underwent surgical correction of PF at our hospital. Patients self-identified as MSM were followed for at least 6 months. Demographic data, presentation, operative findings, International Index of Erection Function - 5 (IIEF-5) and the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool. Results: Of 216 PF cases, 4 (1.8%) were MSM. All cases resulted from sexual activity and all patients reported using the "doggy style" position during anal intercourse. Unilateral or bilateral injury of corpus cavernosum was found in 2 patients each. One (25%) patient had complete urethral injury associated with bilateral corpus cavernosum lesion. During the follow-up period, all patients developed some type of sexual complication. One patient reported penile pain during intercourse. Another patient experienced low sexual desire and premature ejaculation. This patient was also dissatisfied with the aesthetic result of the surgical scar and complained about decreased penis size after surgery. The third case developed delayed ejaculation. The fourth patient experienced mild to moderate erectile dysfunction. This same patient presented with penile curvature. Finally, palpable fibrotic nodules in the operative area were observed in all cases. Conclusions: Sexual activity in the "doggy style" position was the commonest cause of PF in MSM. Sexual dysfunction is always present in gay man after surgery for PF. However, additional studies with larger samples should be coinducted.

Female Sexual Function in Women with Suspected Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis / Função sexual feminina em mulheres com suspeita de endometriose infiltrativa profunda

Abstract Objective To evaluate the quality of the sexual function of women with suspected deep infiltrating endometriosis. Methods A cross-sectional, observational and prospective study was conducted between May 2015 and August 2016, in which 67 patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis, suspected or diagnosed, were assessed for epidemiological and clinical characteristics, such as pain level through a visual analog scale (VAS), features of deep infiltrating endometriosis lesions and score on the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) before the onset of treatment. The statistical analysis was performed using the software STATA version 12.0 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) to compare the variables through multiple regression analysis. Results The average age of the patients was 39.2 years old; most patients were symptomatic (92.5%); and the predominant location of the deep infiltrating lesions was on the rectosigmoid colon (50%), closely followed by the retrocervical region (48.3%). The medianoverallscoreontheFSFIwas23.4;in67.2%of thecasesthescorewas26.5(cutoff point for sexualdysfunction). Deepdyspareunia(p = 0.000,confidenceinterval [CI]:0.64- 0.83) and rectosigmoid endometriosis lesions (p = 0.008, CI: 0.72-0.95) showed significant correlation with lower FSFI scores, adjusted by bladder lesion, patients' ageand size of lesions. Deep dyspareunia (p = 0.003, CI: 0.49-0.86) also exhibited significant correlation with FSFI pain domain, adjusted by cyclic bowel pain, vaginal lesion and use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog. These results reflect the influence of deep dyspareunia on the sexual dysfunction of the analyzed population. Conclusion Most patients exhibited sexual dysfunction, and deep dyspareunia was the pelvic painful symptom that showed correlation with sexual dysfunction.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade da função sexual em pacientes com suspeita de endometriose profunda infiltrativa. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal prospectivo entre maio de 2015 e agosto de 2016, no qual foram analisados os dados clínicos e epidemiológicos de 67 pacientes com endometriose profunda presuntiva ou diagnosticada, níveis de dor através de escala visual analógica (EVA) e Índice de Função Sexual Feminina (questionário IFSF) antes do início do tratamento. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o programa estatístico STATA, na versão 12.0 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA), para comparar as variáveis por meio de regressão múltipla. Resultados A idade média foi de 39,2 anos; houve predominância de mulheres sintomáticas (92,5%) e da localização de lesões de endometriose profunda em retossigmoide (50%) seguida pela topografia retrocervical (48,3%). A pontuação total no IFSF mostrou uma mediana de 23,4, e em 67,2% das mulheres a pontuação foi 26,55 (cut-off que indica disfunção sexual). Dispareunia (p = 0.000, intervalo de confiança [IC]: 0.64-0.83) e lesão endometriótica em retossigmoide (p = 0.008, IC: 0.72-0.95) exibiram uma relação estatisticamente significante com valores baixos de pontuação no IFSF, ajustados por lesão em bexiga, idade da paciente e tamanho da lesão. A dispareunia de profundidade também mostrou correlação significante com o domínio dor do IFSFajustado por dor cíclica intestinal, lesão vaginal e uso de análogo de hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH). Os resultados refletem a influência da dispareunia de profundidade na disfunção sexual da população do estudo. Conclusão A maioria das pacientes apresentava disfunção sexual e o sintoma mais relacionado a esta disfunção foi dispareunia de profundidade.

Impact on sexual function of surgical treatment in rectal cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction The development of new surgical techniques and medical devices, like therapeutical multimodal approaches has allowed for better outcomes on patients with rectal cancer (RCa). Owing to that, an increased awareness and investment towards better outcomes regarding patients' sexual and urinary function has been recently observed. Aim Evaluate and characterize the sexual dysfunction of patients submitted to surgical treatment for RCa. Materials and Methods An observational retrospective study including all male patients who underwent a surgical treatment for RCa between January 2011 December 2014 (n=43) was performed, complemented with an inquiry questionnaire to every patient about its sexual habits and level of function before and after surgery. Discussion All patients were male, with an average of 64yo. (range 42-83yo.). The surgical procedure was a rectum anterior resection (RAR) in 22 patients (56%) and an abdominoperineal resection (APR) in 19(44%). Sixty three percent described their sexual life as important/very important. Sexual function worsening was observed in 76% (65% with complains on erectile function, and 27% on ejaculation). Fourteen patients (38%) didn't resume sexual activity after surgery. Increased age (p=0.007), surgery performed (APR) (p=0.03) and the presence of a stoma (p=0.03) were predictors of ED after surgery. A secondary analysis found that the type of surgery (APR) (p=0.04), lower third tumor's location (p=0.03) and presence of comorbidities (p=0.013) (namely, smokers and diabetic patients) were predictors of de novo ED after surgery. Conclusions This study demonstrated the clear negative impact in sexual function of patients submitted to a surgical treatment for RCa. Since it is a valued feature for patients, it becomes essential to correctly evaluate/identify these cases in order to offer an adequate therapeutical option.

Influence of sexual function on the social relations and quality of life of women with premature ovarian insufficiency / Influência da função sexual nas relações sociais e na qualidade de vida de mulheres com insuficiência ovariana prematura

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of sexual function (SF) in the quality of life (QoL) of women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Methods Case-control study in which 80women with POIwere evaluated using estrogen plus progestogen therapy, compared with 80 women matched by age (2 years) and presenting preserved gonadal function. Sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and the QoL was evaluated using theWorld Health Organization's (WHO) QoL assessment instrument (WHOQoL-BREF). Results The mean age of the women with POI and of the control group was 38.4 ± 7.3 years and 38.1 ± 7.3 years respectively. The QoL, was worse among the POI group, and there were significant differences in the physical (63.4 ± 17.4 and 72.7 ± 15.2 respectively, p = 0.0004) and psychological (63.2 ± 14.6 and 69.3 ± 13.9 respectively, p = 0.0075) domains among this group when compared with the control group. Women with POI presented significantly lower arousal, lubrication, orgasm and satisfaction, more dyspareunia and a worse FSFI scores when compared with the control group. All aspects of SF correlate directly with the worsening of the QoL regarding social relationships. Conclusion Women with POI showed worse QoL and SF than the control group. The psychological aspects (desire, excitement, orgasm and sexual satisfaction) of SF had greater influence on the parameters of the QoL, while the physical aspects (pain and lubrication) had a low impact on the QoL. The poor SF in women with POI is directly correlated with a worsening acrossmultiple domains of the QoL; however, the negative impact is particularly important in the social domain. These results suggest that the improvement in sexuality can improve the social interactions of women with POI.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o impacto da função sexual na qualidade de vida (QV) de mulheres com insuficiência ovariana prematura (IOP). Métodos Estudo de caso-controle que avaliou 80 mulheres com IOP usando terapia hormonal combinada (progestagênio e estrogênio), em comparação com80mulheres com função gonadal preservada pareadas por idade (2 anos). A função sexual (FS) foi avaliada por meio do índice de função sexual feminina (IFSF) e a QV, por meio do instrumento da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) para avaliação da QV (WHOQoLBREF, na sigla em inglês). Resultados Amédia etária dasmulheres comIOP e do grupo controle foi de 38,4 ± 7,3 e 38,1 ± 7,3 anos, respectivamente. A QV do grupo com IOP foi pior, e verificou-se uma diferença significativa nos domínios físico (63,4 ± 17,4 e 72,7 ± 15,2, respectivamente, p = 0,0004) e psicológico (63,2 ± 14,6 e 69,3 ± 13,9, respectivamente, p = 0,0075) para asmulheres comIOP quando comparadas como grupo de controle.Mulheres comIOP apresentaram pior pontuação para excitação, lubrificação, orgasmo, satisfação, dispareunia, e pior índice de FS emcomparação ao grupo controle. A piora em todos os aspectos da FS foi diretamente correlacionada com a piora no domínio das relações sociais da QV. Conclusão Mulheres comIOP apresentaram pior QV e FS do que o grupo controle. Os aspectos psicológicos (desejo, excitação, orgasmo e satisfação sexual) da FS exerceram grande influência na QV, enquanto os físicos (dor e lubrificação) exerceram pouca influência. A má função sexual em mulheres com IOP está diretamente correlacionada com uma piora em vários domínios da QV; porém, o impacto negativo é particularmente importante no domínio social, sugerindo que a melhora da sexualidade pode auxiliar na melhor integração social das mulheres com IOP.

Sexual aspects of liver transplant candidates and recipients: evidence available in the literature / Aspectos sexuais de candidatos e receptores de transplante de fígado: evidências disponíveis na literatura / Aspectos sexuales de candidatos y receptores de trasplante de hígado: evidencias disponibles en la literatura

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the evidence available in the literature on the alterations in the sexuality of candidates and recipients of liver transplantation. Method: integrative review of the literature with search for primary studies in the databases MEDLINE (via PUBMED), CINAHL e LILACS, published in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Results: the 16 primary studies included were grouped into three categories: 1) female sexuality (n=5), 2) male sexuality (n=5) and 3) male and female sexuality (n=6). In category 1, the subjects investigated were contraception, pregnancy, sexual dysfunction, presence of gynecological symptoms and sexually transmitted infections. In category 2, the main focus of the studies was erectile dysfunction, sexual desire and satisfaction, and consequences of the immunosuppressive regimen with mycophenolic acid in men. In category 3, the evaluation of sexual function was the main topic. Conclusion: the scientific evidence generated provides support to encourage health professionals to incorporate the topic of sexuality in the routine of care. Knowledge gaps were identified and new studies should be conducted in order to implement interventions to prevent, minimize and/or control changes related to the patient's sexuality.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre as alterações na sexualidade de candidatos e receptores de transplante de fígado. Método: revisão integrativa com busca dos estudos primários nas bases de dados MEDLINE (via PUBMED), CINAHL e LILACS, publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol. Resultados: os 16 estudos primários incluídos foram agrupados em três categorias: 1) sexualidade feminina (n=5), 2) sexualidade masculina (n=5) e 3) sexualidade masculina e feminina (n=6). Na categoria 1, os temas investigados foram contracepção, gravidez, disfunção sexual, presença de sintomas ginecológicos e infecção sexualmente transmissível. Na categoria 2, o foco principal dos estudos foi disfunção erétil, desejo e satisfação sexual e consequências do regime imunossupressor com ácido micofenólico em homens. Na categoria 3, a avaliação da função sexual foi o principal tema abordado. Conclusão: as evidências científicas geradas fornecem subsídios para encorajar os profissionais de saúde na incorporação da temática sexualidade na rotina de atendimento, bem como a identificação de lacunas do conhecimento para a condução de novas pesquisas com o propósito de implementar intervenções para prevenir, minimizar e/ou controlar as alterações relacionadas à sexualidade do paciente.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre las alteraciones de la sexualidad de candidatos y receptores de trasplante de hígado. Método: revisión integradora mediante la búsqueda de estudios primarios en MEDLINE (vía PUBMED), CINAHL y LILACS, publicados en inglés, portugués o español. Resultados: los 16 estudios primarios incluidos se agruparon en tres categorías: 1) sexualidad femenina (n=5), 2) sexualidad masculina (n=5) y 3) sexualidad masculina y femenina (n=6). En la categoría 1, los temas investigados fueron contracepción, embarazo, disfunción sexual, presencia de síntomas ginecológicos e infección sexualmente transmisible. En la categoría 2, el foco principal de los estudios fue la disfunción eréctil, el deseo y la satisfacción sexual y las consecuencias del régimen inmunosupresor con ácido micofenólico en los hombres. En la categoría 3, la evaluación de la función sexual fue el principal tema abordado. Conclusión: las evidencias científicas halladas contribuyen para alentar a los profesionales de la salud a incorporar la temática sexualidad en la rutina de atención, así como identificar lagunas de conocimiento en la conducción de nuevas investigaciones con el propósito de efectuar intervenciones para prevenir, minimizar y/o controlar los cambios relacionados con la sexualidad del paciente.

The influence of mode of delivery on neonatal and maternal short and long-term outcomes

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of mode of delivery on breastfeeding incentive practices and on neonatal and maternal short and long-term complications. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted between June 2015 and April 2016 with 768 puerperal women from 11 maternities in Sergipe, interviewed in the first 24 hours, 45-60 days and 6-8 months after delivery. Associations between breastfeeding incentive practices, neonatal and maternal, both short-term and late complications, and the exposure variables were evaluated by the relative risk (95%CI) and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: The C-section newborns had less skin-to-skin contact immediately after delivery (intrapartum C-section: 0.18, 95%CI 0.1-0.31 and elective C-section: 0.36, 95%CI 0.27-0.47) and less breastfeeding within one hour of birth (intrapartum C-section: 0.43, 95%CI 0.29-0.63 and elective C-section: 0.44, 95%CI 0.33-0.59). Newborns from elective C-section were less frequently breastfed in the delivery room 0.42 (95%CI 0.2-0.88) and roomed-in less 0.85 (95%CI 0.77-0.95). Women submitted to intrapartum C-section had greater risk of early complications 1.3 (95%CI 1.04-1.64, p = 0.037) and sexual dysfunction 1.68 (95%CI 1.14-2.48, p = 0.027). The frequency of neonatal complications, urinary incontinence and depression according to the mode of delivery was similar. CONCLUSIONS: The C-section was negatively associated with breastfeeding incentive practices; in addition, C-section after labor increased the risk of early maternal complications and sexual dysfunction.

Importancia de una intervención psicoeducativa sobre sexualidad en mujeres sometidas a una histerectomía: una revisión de la literature / Importance of a psychoeducational intervention on sexuality in women undergoing a hysterectomy: a review of the literature

RESUMEN: La Histerectomía es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos ginecológicos más frecuentes en el tratamiento de patologías uterinas. La literatura destaca al útero como un símbolo de identidad femenina y aunque existen diferencias individuales de afrontamiento, su extirpación puede causar alteraciones en la dimensión psicológica, física, social y sexual. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la importancia de una intervención psicoeducativa en mujeres ginecológicas histerectomizadas, para prevenir el riesgo potencial de presentar alteraciones emocionales y disfunciones sexuales post cirugía. METODOLOGÍA: Se revisaron 106 artículos originales de fuente primaria, en inglés, español, francés y portugués, publicados entre los años 2004 y 2016, en PubMed, Scielo, CINAHL, Ciber Index Cuiden, Lilacs, Elsevier y Scopus. RESULTADOS: El 100% de artículos reconocen en mujeres histerectomizadas, el riesgo de sufrir alteraciones emocionales y trastornos sexuales y el 61% reconoce, además la importancia de entregar educación sexual formal a la mujer y pareja, para prevenir trastornos sexuales, especialmente en histerectomizadas oncológicas, considerando intervinientes individuales y multidimensionales, temáticas de interés y capacitación de profesionales sanitarios en educación sexual. CONCLUSIONES: Una intervención psicoeducativa en la mujer y pareja, puede prevenir especialmente en histerectomizadas oncológicas la aparición de alteraciones emocionales y disfunciones sexuales, propiciar la recuperación física y emocional, un retorno a una vida sexual activa satisfactoria. Se sugieren estudios que comprueben la magnitud de esta intervención, para ser incorporada en un futuro al protocolo de atención de Garantías Explicitas en Salud en mujeres con cáncer cérvico uterino.

ABSTRACT: Hysterectomy is one of the most frequent gynecological surgical procedures in the treatment of uterine pathologies. Literature stands out uterus as a symbol of female identity and although there are individual differences in confronting, their extirpation can cause alterations in the psychological, physical, social and sexual dimensions. The objective of the study is to determine the importance of a psychoeducational intervention in hysterectomized gynecological women in order to prevent the potential risk of presenting emotional alterations and sexual dysfunctions after surgery. METHODOLOGY: 106 original articles of primary source in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese, published between 2004 and 2016, in PubMed, Scielo, CINAHL, Ciber Index Cuiden, Lilacs, Elsevier and Scopus were reviewed. RESULTS: 100% of articles recognize in hysterectomized women, the risk of suffering emotional alterations and sexual disorders, and 61% also recognize the importance of providing formal sexual education to women and partners in order to prevent sexual disorders, especially in oncological hysterectomized, considering individual and multidimensional interveners, topics of interest and training of health professionals in sexual education. CONCLUSIONS: A psychoeducational intervention in the woman and couple can prevent, especially in oncological hysterectomized, the appearance of emotional alterations and sexual dysfunctions, to propitiate the physical and emotional recovery, a return to an active satisfactory sexual life. Studies to prove the magnitude of this intervention are suggested in order to be incorporated in future to the care protocol for Explicit Health Guarantees in women with cervical cancer.

Are the women with Sjögren's Syndrome satisfied with their sexual activity? / As mulheres com síndrome de Sjögren estão satisfeitas com sua atividade sexual?

ABSTRACT Objective: Females with Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) often experience vaginal dryness and dyspareunia, along with glandular and extraglandular symptoms. We aimed to evaluate sexual function and life quality in women with SS. Methods: Forty-six premenopausal women with SS and 47 age-matched controls were studied. Age, duration of the disease, medications, and comorbid diseases were noted. Participants completed 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Patients were asked about vaginal discharge and itching in the last month, and if they informed their rheumatologists about any sexual problems. Gynecologic examinations were performed and vaginal smears were taken on each participant. Results: The median total scores of FSFI were significantly lower in the SS group than the controls [17.12 (2.4-27.8) and 27.4 (16.9-36.0), respectively, p < 0.001]. In the SS group, 37 (80.4%) and in the control group 18 (38.3%) of patients were sexually dissatisfied (p < 0.001). Vaginal dryness and lubricant use were significantly increased in patients with SS compared to controls (p < 0.001). Life quality scores were significantly lower in patients with SS than the controls (p < 0.001). Vaginal dryness was negatively correlated with FSFI total (r = −0.312, p = 0.035) and subscores except desire and arousal. Physical functioning, role physical and role emotional scores were positively correlated with total FSFI scores (r = 0.449, p = 0.002, r = 0.371, p = 0.011, r = 0.299, p = 0.043, respectively). Conclusions: Women with SS experience less satisfaction with sexual activity, which can be affected by age, vaginal dryness, physical pain, and impaired function due to the disease. Therefore, rheumatologists should pay attention to these symptoms and management.

RESUMO Objetivo: As mulheres com síndrome de Sjögren (SS) muitas vezes experimentam secura vaginal e dispareunia, juntamente com sintomas glandulares e extraglandulares. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a função sexual e a qualidade de vida de mulheres com SS. Métodos: Estudaram-se 46 mulheres pré-menopáusicas com SS e 47 controles pareados por idade. Avaliaram-se a idade, a duração da doença, os medicamentos usados e as comorbidades. As participantes preencheram o questionário de qualidade de vida 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36) e o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). As pacientes foram perguntadas quanto à presença de corrimento e prurido vaginal no último mês e se haviam informado a seus reumatologistas sobre quaisquer problemas sexuais. Fizeram-se exames ginecológicos e esfregaços vaginais de todas as participantes. Resultados: A mediana do escore total do FSFI foi significativamente menor no grupo SS do que no grupo controle [17,12 (2,4 a 27,8) e 27,4 (16,9 a 36), respectivamente, p < 0,001]. Nos grupos SS e controle, 37 (80,4%) e 18 (38,3%) das pacientes estavam sexualmente insatisfeitas, respectivamente (p < 0,001). A presença de secura vaginal e o uso de lubrificantes foram significativamente mais frequentes em pacientes com SS em relação aos controles (p < 0,001). Os índices de qualidade de vida foram significativamente menores nas pacientes com SS do que nos controles (p < 0,001). A secura vaginal esteve negativamente correlacionada com o FSFI total (r = −0,312 p = 0,035) e com todos os seus subescores, exceto desejo e excitação. Os escores de capacidade funcional, aspecto físico e aspecto emocional se correlacionaram positivamente com a pontuação total do FSFI (r = 0,449, p = 0,002; r = 0,371, p = 0,011; r = 0,299, p = 0,043, respectivamente). Conclusões: As mulheres com SS têm menor satisfação com a atividade sexual, o que pode ser afetado pela idade, secura vaginal, dor física e função prejudicada em razão da doença. Portanto, os reumatologista devem prestar atenção a esses sintomas e seu tratamento.

Female urinary incontinence and sexuality

ABSTRACT Urinary incontinence is a common problem among women and it is estimated that between 15 and 55% of them complain of lower urinary symptoms. The most prevalent form of urinary incontinence is associated with stress, followed by mixed urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence. It is a symptom with several effects on quality of life of women mainly in their social, familiar and sexual domains. Female reproductive and urinary systems share anatomical structures, which promotes that urinary problems interfere with sexual function in females. This article is a review of both the concepts of female urinary incontinence and its impact on global and sexual quality of life. Nowadays, it is assumed that urinary incontinence, especially urge urinary incontinence, promotes anxiety and several self-esteem damages in women. The odour and the fear of incontinence during sexual intercourse affect female sexual function and this is related with the unpredictability and the chronicity of incontinence, namely urge urinary incontinence. Female urinary incontinence management involves conservative (pelvic floor muscle training), surgical and pharmacological treatment. Both conservative and surgical treatments have been studied about its benefit in urinary incontinence and also the impact among female sexual function. Unfortunately, there are sparse articles that evaluate the benefits of female sexual function with drug management of incontinence.